Top Glove Corporation Berhad Expansion

Top Glove Corporation Berhad Expansion 1. Presentation Top Glove Corporation Berhad established by the couple group of Tan Sri Dr. Lim Wee-Chai, as an organization administrator and Puan Sri Tong Siew Bee, official executive. Build up in Malaysia in 1991, Top Glove worked with just a single processing plant with three recycled creation lines. These days, it is known as the world biggest elastic glove producer. Top Glove set out a noteworthy extension plan with the accompanying position: World Largest Rubber Glove Manufacturer Existing (As at December 2010) 1. Number of Factories 20 2. Number of Production Lines 379 3. Absolute bits of Gloves Produced (every year) 33.75 billion 4. Number of Employees 10,900 5. Nations of Export 180 6. Number of Customers 900 Top Glove was recorded on Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpurs second board in 2001 and has been effectively elevated to the Main Market of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange on May 16, 2002. Top Glove has more than 15 years of involvement with creation of latex assessment gloves (HWANGDBS Vickers Research, 2008). It has likewise broadened abroad and set up four industrial facilities in Thailand and two in China, notwithstanding the 12 offices it has in Malaysia (CIMB Research Report, 2007). 1.2 Companys Core Business Top Gloves nature exercises are assembling and exchanging elastic gloves, manufactured gloves and careful gloves which are generally utilized in clinical, mechanical and food administrations ventures. With an approximated 80% of their item is as regular elastic gloves and the staying 20% are engineered gloves (CIMB Research Report, 2007). Top Glove goes about as a one-stop glove focus by offering a full scope of administrations, from assembling glove items to bundling, marking, deals just as dissemination of completed glove items through its three essential deals workplaces in Klang, Malaysia; Azusa, California and Duisburg, Germany (HWANGDBS Vickers Research, 2008). About 95% of the organization deals are for the fare advertise. 1.3 Financial Performance As indicated by yearly report 2009, Top Glove has effectively accomplished the organization development by demonstrating the expansion in net benefit for the monetary year. The striking development of 54% of net benefit in the year 2009 as contrast with the year 2008 indicating that Top Glove completely uses the upside of its posting as open organization to produce development that is valuable to the investors. 2. Deals ANALYSIS 2.1 Sales Growth Rates All out deals or all out income is the main line on any organization pay explanation. This figure is the measure of cash that organization gets during the particular time of period. Absolute income is essential to transform in cash into a benefit. In the previous 5 years (2005 2009), Top Glove has been gainful. The business development for its items indicating the expansion in income for the each budgetary year. Top Gloves Revenue for as long as 5 years Year All out Revenue (RMmil) 2004 418.1 2005 641.8 2006 992.6 2007 1228.8 2008 1377.9 2009 1529.1 Source: Top Glove Annual Report 2010 The business development rates (%) from year to year will be ascertain as beneath; current deals past deals ________________________ x 100 Past deals Year Deals Growth Rates (%) From year to year Deals Growth Rates (%) From year 2005 2004 2005 53.50 2006 54.66 54.66 2007 23.80 91.46 2008 12.13 114.69 2009 10.97 138.25 Exponential capacities can be applied in development forms. The most generally acknowledged technique in scholastics to compute all out development can be spoken to by the capacities; y = a(1 + r)X which; a = beginning sum before estimating development r = development rate (frequently a percent) x = number of time stretches that have passed The exponential capacity in processing development rates for Top Gloves are introduced as beneath: 1. Year: 2005 Development rates (%): 53.50 (0.5350) Income sum before estimating development (RM000): 418.1 Exponential Growth Functions: y = a(1+r)x y = 418.1(1+0.5350)1 y = 641.8 2. Year: 2006 Development rates (%): 54.66 (0.5466) Income sum before estimating development (RM000): 641.8 Exponential Growth Functions: y = a(1+r)x y = 641.8(1+0.5466)1 y = 992.6 3. Year: 2007 Development rates (%): 23.80 (0.2380) Income sum before estimating development (RM000): 992.6 Exponential Growth Functions: y = a(1+r)x y = 992.6(1+0.2380)1 y = 1228.8 4. Year: 2008 Development rates (%): 12.13 (0.1213) Income sum before estimating development (RM000): 1228.8 Exponential Growth Functions: y = a(1+r)x y = 1228.8(1+0.1213)1 y = 1377.9 5. Year: 2009 Development rates (%): 10.97 (0.1097) Income sum before estimating development (RM000): 1377.9 Exponential Growth Functions: y = a(1+r)x y = 1377.9(1+0.1097)1 y = 1529.1 2.2 Growth Rates Analysis 53.5% development in 2005, Top Glove and the glove business confronting an energizing and testing year when unforeseen climb in the costs of raw petroleum and crude material. Top Gloves has figured out how to kept up organization execution by proceed with its forceful limit development to catch a greater portion of the world glove advertise. 54.66% in 2006, the sting of expanding oil and fuel costs keeps on vibrating all through the glove and human services industry. These two ventures feel the most weight in concluding how to respond in this circumstance. This is on the grounds that creation cost would be driven up by the expanded oil and fuel costs which will impacts on the ability to convey the items. Top Gloves despite everything keeps on remaining in advancing by command over its activity expenses and figured out how to deal with the expansion in the expense of oil and fuel costs. Every producer can deadlock these expenses by their own specific manner, anyway cost increments are inescapable (Jeannie and Dana, 2006). Continuously 2007, Top Glove accomplished a noteworthy income development of 23.8% to RM1,228.8 million. The development was primarily because of the proceeded with expanded in client base all inclusive and a higher volume of deals credited to the expanded limit so the organization prevails to look on the expansion in working expenses. In year 2008, the development eases back to 12.13% brought about by worldwide economy. It was extreme for the glove maker to proceed with the business because of the tight edge and just glove makers with sizable economies of scale can endure (Malaysian Rubber Board, 2008). Top Glove certainly can't be gotten away from this marvel. Notwithstanding, Top Glove had encountered to confront the current world budgetary emergency and proceeds companys capacity to develop throughout the years. Year 2009 shows that the more slow development rate goes to 10.97% accomplished by Top Glove. The organization began the year with mindful about a solid worldwide interest of gloves particularly in medicinal services industry invigorated by the worldwide monetary recuperation. Moreover, the H1N1 pandemic caused the interest of gloves contributed in strange come back to all elastic glove producers including Top Glove. Top Glove had adjusted well in current monetary condition by which its gaining was supported by higher deals and greater expenses effectiveness (OSK, 2010). 3. Deals TREND Deals pattern investigation is an audit of deals during a predetermined timeframe. It is could be increment, diminish or stay unaltered. The motivation behind deals pattern investigation is to checking execution and to foresee future execution. Top Gloves deals pattern expanded step by step. It is demonstrated that the organization exceptionally centered around their inclination business and will battle to keep up companys crucial a world class glove maker by giving best quality item just as to toughen their situation as the universes biggest elastic glove producer. Top Gloves deals pattern outlined with a chart underneath; In light of the chart above, it is demonstrated that Top Glove deals pattern becoming throughout the years. The development may be upheld by the high requested from their client. The flood of interest for elastic gloves utilized for clinical and security reason constrained glove industry to raise the selling cost. Additionally, Top Glove likewise raised its items offering cost to even out the higher creation costs. Be that as it may, the interest for elastic gloves remained and was in quickly developing despite the fact that the selling cost was high. For the 5 years, Top Glove proceeded accomplished a striking benefit. The worldwide marvels, for example, H1N1 and SARS pandemic, climb in the cost of oil and crude material, climate, war or world money related emergency which bring about lift in the interest of elastic glove. Furthermore, increment in wellbeing mindfulness overall additionally expands the interest of elastic glove. Top Glove prevail to adjust all the troublesome circumstance step by step by their great arranging of assembling forms and giving a high caliber of item. 4. End As an end, Top Glove Corporation Berhad proceeded accomplished a momentous benefit by expanding their income and deals development rate from year to year. The companys show solid deals execution was embraced to appeal for gloves particularly structure human services industry and developing business sector which interest for gloves is relied upon to developing for a twofold digit consistently. Despite the fact that there are more difficulties to survive, Top Glove positive to expand their amazing income and deals development rates for consistently and accept to keep up its administration in the worldwide market by keep giving a top nature of item.

Music in my life Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Music in my life - Assignment Example It is fundamental that an individual enjoys a reprieve off work or studies, and tuning in to music or seeking after music data from various craftsmen and artists establishes my relaxation time. My opportunity to loosen up is funfilled comparative with my commitment in music. My motivation in life has a lot to do with music. Music is done in different and dynamic manners, which are all interesting to explicit classifications and performers. The data contained in music or messages that music goes through serves various individuals in an unexpected way. By and by, music fills in as a wellspring of inspiration.On a similar note, life support and headings can likewise be gotten from music (Turner 203). Music additionally fills in as my own guide, with screening for energy and cynicism being represented. The assorted variety of the world is obviously apparent in the manner music is finished. In my life, music fills in as my instructor in this line. Through music, I have come to learn and c omprehend worldwide assorted variety across fringes. Well beyond amusement, music fills in as an eye opener in each part of my life. This is all the more so with respect to the music classes I listen to.I have grasped music decent variety in a worldwide setting, implying that I am not fixed to a particular music type. In any case, there are essential music classes that rule my inclination in music. RnB rates the tops the rundown despite the fact that I have respect to privately created and delivered music, and furthermore music that represents the individual, social, social, financial, and political contrasts the world over.

Keep Holy the Month of IAP For It Is a Time of Rest

Keep Holy the Month of IAP For It Is a Time of Rest (title taken from The Cathedral of Our Lady of the All-Night Tool) I keep a list in my head of what topics I want to blog about. But I think of it as a stack, as opposed to a queue so I cover things that happened more recently first. So obviously, I need to cover what I did over IAP, and then maybe I can make it as far back as last semester. Fortunately for me (and those of you who want to hear about 6.111 and my other adventures in EE), I didnt do much this IAP, so I should be able to just knock this out and move on. Last IAP I spent almost all of the month working on 6.270. It was fun the robots are really cool. But it was also stresful. I didnt get much sleep during the last week of IAP (or during the rest of IAP, for that matter). So I decided that this year I was going to be on campus, but not have any formalized activities taking up all of IAP. I was going to rest and recuperate so that I could go into the spring term well rested and just generally enjoy myself. I think I more or less accomplished that, with a few exceptions. So, what I did for IAP is a fairly short list. One of the bigger things I did was teaching an introductory class in Python for SIPB. SIPB (the Student Information Processing Board) is a student group that focuses on improving computing, both in general and specifically at MIT. Theyre responsible for things like debathena, which is forming the basis for the new release of the Athena system, and scripts.mit.edu, a web hosting service for the MIT community. Additionally, they run a series of IAP classes, covering everything from how to hack Facebook Javascript to the Caffeinated Crash Courses, which attempt to cover everything you really need to know about a topic (usually a programming language) in 3 hours. They also have a series of decaffeinated introductory courses in a whole host of languages. I taught the one in Python. It was 4 classes that were 3 hours each, and covered both the basics of the Python language and some applications such as web development. It was a good experience, and I had 40-50 students. That being said, I learned some very valuable lessons: Teaching is hard Teaching for 3 hours straight is really hard Its hard to prepare enough material to teach for 3 hours straight If you do have enough material, it probably took you at least 6 hours to get it together I certainly have a lot more respect for the work that good teachers must put into their preparations, because I know that Im certainly not a great teacher, and the preparation took me a really long time. On the other hand, it was a really good experience, and I really hope that I get a chance to teach this again next year. Other than that, I basically spent all of IAP doing unimportant things cleaning my room (although not too much), setting up a better backup solution (although its still not there yet), and lots and lots of sleeping. Anyway, thats all for now, but Monday is the Ring Premiere, when all of the sophomores get to see what our Brass Rat looks like for the first time. Lots of people think that Ring Premiere isnt that interesting, but Im personally excited.

Essay on Medical Law and Bioethics Unit 4 Project - 675 Words

The purpose of an advance directive is to have a written statement stating the type and amount of care a person wishes to receive during a terminal illness. (Medical Law and Ethics, 2008, pp. 102) An advance directive is a very important part of life once you have been diagnosed with a terminal illness, or even if you are getting older and doubt the degree to which you will be taken care of. Three types of advance directives are living wills, a durable power of attorney, and a do not resuscitate (DNR). A Living will is a document that you draft before becoming too incompetent to make your own medical decisions. A Durable power of attorney is a legal document that empowers another person to make healthcare decisions regarding your†¦show more content†¦I would have to also be the one to transfer his charts to the oncologist that he is being referred to. Once the oncologist has the charts, he can speak to them and make it known that he does not want the treatment. If the surgery was performed without consent from the patient, he could in turn sue the physician for assault. The physician, knowing that the patient did not want any kind of treatment, procedure, etc., to â€Å"cure† him of this cancer could be sued for assault for doing so anyway. The patient wrote out a living will once he found out about his illness, and requested it to be put into his file, so there is no way that the physician could say that he didn’t know. If the surgery were performed, it would be an intentional tort. The physician would have intentionally gone against the word of the patient and did what he wanted to do. This could be a civil lawsuit. Again, the physician did not follow what the patient had put into writing. He also told someone of his wishes regarding the treatment. Therefore, this would be a civil suit because the physician broke the law by not abiding by the patients’ wishes. I reside in the state of Michigan. 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I summarize theRead Moreethical decision making16006 Words   |  65 PagesDeveloping Community Values QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER After reading this chapter, you will know the answers to the following questions: 1. What is bioethics, and how is it important to the community nurse? 2. What is the ethics of virtue, and what part do virtues play in the practice of nursing? 3. What is meant by principle-based ethics? 4. How does Kant’s deontological approach differ from Mill’s utilitarian approach? 5. What role does each of the four major ethical concepts— beneï ¬ cenceRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesRoadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. 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INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal andRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesand for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF DIVISIONS, TITLES, rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 4 5 AND SUBTITLES. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 6 ‘‘Affordable Health Care for America Act’’. 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Charlemagne Essay examples - 1611 Words

What makes ‘a king into ‘the king and then onto Emperor and Augustus? What made King Charles, Charles the Great? In Einhards Life of Charlemagne, a very succinct description of King Charles ideals, beliefs, attitudes and traits are depicted along with his lifes territorial as well as mental conquests illustrated. Charlemagne was a man with a vision of a utopian society united under Christianity in its glorious form in an almost Camelot like kingdom. Einhards literary work gives society an insight into King Charles and what made him capable of being Augustus. As indicated by Einhard, Charlemagne was a man of all talents but few beliefs and traits truly molded him. Charlemagne ruled over an empire and Christianity ruled over and†¦show more content†¦In addition, Charlemagne was a man devoted to his beliefs who was essentially kind, friendly, very patriotic and, also, trying to be known for his acts and create a good reputation for himself. Over the course of his life C harlemagne was able to create great ties with fellow leaders around the world and through various empires, and although he was also trying to aid Christians who needed help in foreign lands, he seemed to have this need to have good relations with everyone. According to Einhard, he had great friendships all around the world and always welcomed foreigners in his kingdom and palace for only one simple thing in return. For he felt that he would be rewarded for his troubles if they [foreigners] praised his generosity and gave him a good reputation (Einhard 2004, 212). He was a great king who wanted to go down in history. As per Einhard, that seems to be Charlemagnes only selfish trait. He apparently only wore the national dress of the Frankish with few exceptions, which can only imply his great patriotism. Although he appreciated foreign customs, he seems to be very patriotic towards the Franks. Overall, Charlemagne embodied traits that came together to form this great Emperor who was ad mired by many. In The Life of Charlemagne one notices that Frankish society must have formulated certain characteristics through the reign of King Charles. Through the kings beliefs a society forms to followShow MoreRelated Charlemagne Essay825 Words   |  4 Pages Inbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;INTRODUCTION Charlemagne was the king of the Franks and emperor of the Romans from 800-814. During his reign Charlemagne built a kingdom that included almost all of western and central Europe and he started Carolingian Renaissance. His empire had two main territories, East and west Francia that is now the major parts of two important European entities. West Francia is modern-day France, and East Francia became first the Holy Roman Empire and then the modern state ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreCharlemagne Essay447 Words   |  2 Pagesimportant person during this new Europe was the Frankish king Charlemagne. His rule was known throughout the world, and Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the Emperor of the Romans. On top of this title, he still held all of his other titles. Charlemagne made tons of contributions during this time in Europe. He had educational and clerical reforms, and preached on discipline, learning, and pie ty. In the essay The Emperor Charlemagne, Einhard discussed the rise and greatness of this ruler, andRead More Charlemagne Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesCharlemagne By the Cross and the Sword : Charlemagne’s Impact on the West. â€Å"He who ordains the fate of kingdoms in the march of the centuries, the all-powerful Disposer of events, having destroyed one extraordinary image, that of the Romans, which had, it was true, feet of iron, or even feet of clay, then raised up, among the Franks, the golden head of a second image, equally remarkable, in the person of the illustrious Charlemagne. Notker the Stammerer, the monk of St. Gall, wrote these wordsRead MoreCharlemagne Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCharlemagne, also known as Charles the Great and Charles I, was not only a king of France, but a commanding historical figure. Charlemagne is believed to have been born sometime around the year 742. He became King of the Franks in 768 and went on to become the Emperor of the Carolingian Empire in 800, before his death in 814. Charlemagne’s father, King Pepin (the short), officially put an end to the Merovingian line of kings to become King of the Franks, and willed that Francia be divided betweenRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority ofRead MoreCharlemagne Or Charles The Great1525 Words   |  7 PagesCharlemagne or Charles the Great, (747-814) was one of the most significant people during the Middle Ages, playing a key role in defining the shape and character of Medieval Europe. Considered the ‘Father of Europe’, Charlemagne reigned as King of the Franks (768-814) and became the first Holy Roman Emperor (800-814). He created a great empire as he dramatically expanded the Frankish Kingdom in a series of conquests that united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. HeRead MoreThe Life of Charlemagne by Einhard1388 Words à ‚  |  6 Pages Charlemagne is described by Janet Nelson as being a role model for Einhard. Einhard himself writes in the first paragraph of The Life of Charlemagne, â€Å"After I decided to write about the life, character and no small part of the accomplishments of my lord and foster father, Charles, that most excellent and deservedly famous king, I determined to do so with as much brevity as I could.† I feel that these are sincere words about the man who cared for Einhard. I feel that Einhard’s purpose for writingRead MoreCharlemagne, The King Of The Franks Essay2246 Words   |  9 PagesCharlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was born around the 2nd of April 747 and died on the 28th of January 814. He was noted down in history as King of the Franks, a Germanic-speaking people who invaded western Rome residing in current day Germany, the King of the Lombards, Germanic people who resided in parts of the Italian peninsula, and finally was the first Holy Roman Emperor. Another name that has been bestowed upon Charlemagne was the title â€Å"Father of Europe†. Due to the CarolingianRead MoreCharlemagne and the Saxon War1611 Words   |  7 Pages Collins and Backman have approached the life of Charlemagne with different points of view; however, Barbero seems to have the strongest argument for the cause of the Saxon War. The other historians were less willing to see the Saxon war as a religious war. The life of Charlemagne was interesting to historians because it was filled with many vigorous wars that he fought including the infamous Saxon War. From the beginning of his life, Charlemagne was destined to rule a nation and lead his people

What Is the Real Deal with Adhd †Paper Free Essays

paper What is the real deal with ADHD? Temple N. Bostic PSY 360: Survey of Mental Health Destiny Champion November 4, 2012 Abstract Many children today are beginning to fall under an umbrella or diagnosis of ADHD that tends to be the ’in’ thing for doctors to say is wrong with them. If a child is a little hyper or of task for any reason, they are said to have ADHD. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Real Deal with Adhd? – Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regardless of the underlying problems such as issues in the home, these children are placed on medication that many of them do not need, for a condition that the majority of them do not have. At first it was just ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), but then they added the hyperactivity to it and everyone ran with it. That is not to say that there are not some children in the world that are truly suffering from this disorder, but the fact remains that those who are being medicated should be watched and monitored just a little more closely. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the knowledge that I have learned from this course as well as life lessons. When you sum it all up, everyone wants to know: What is the real deal with ADHD? What is the real deal with ADHD? The children of today’s era are afflicted with many different mental health issues that can cause problem within the family and at school. Regardless of the fact that some of these issues are a direct result from the life they are living at home or the rearing they had, it is the determination of how the problem will be addressed that is the factor of the environment. Some children are born with mental disabilities, while some have the traits that come out at a certain point in their childhood. Regardless of when mental illness rears its head or the type it is, the fact is that they receive the proper treatment and counseling for the particular problem that they have. In the late 80’s, the diagnosis of ADD came on the scene to answer to the problems that children were having regarding their attentiveness in school as well as at home. Attention Deficit Disorder is characterized by inattentiveness, easy distractibility and often insomnia. While ADHD has the same symptoms with the addition of hyperactivity, ADD is the original diagnosis. ADHD did not begin its reign until the mid 90’s when children began to show the symptoms of ADD, but with hyperactivity. Once this was taken into consideration and fully analyzed, ADHD was born and hit the diagnosis airwaves. Many people think that only children receive the diagnosis of ADHD, but in all actuality there are just as many adults that suffer from this disorder as well. Adult ADHD can be just as difficult as it is for the younger clients. As an adult, there are the issues of trying to focus on the daily tasks of work, home and even family; this can become very trying when you are easily distracted, hyperactive at the wrong times and very inattentive. Some young people even carry the disorder from their teenage years into adulthood, when for some it usually begins to taper off or go away. References Hammerness, P. , Geller, D. , Petty, C. , Lamb, A. , Bristol, E. , Biedermont, J. (2010) Does ADHD moderate the manifestation of anxiety disorders in children? Hurtig, T. , Ebeling, H. , Taanila, A. (2007) ADHD and co morbid disorders in relation to family environment and symptom severity. Rucklidge, J. J. (2008) Gender differences in ADHD: Implications for psychosocial treatment. Ohan, J. L. , Johnston, C. (2007) What is the social impact of ADHD in girls? : A multi-method assessment. Woodard, R. (2006) The diagnosis and medical treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents in primary care: A practical guide. Paloyelis, Y. , Rijsdijk, F. , Wood, A. C. , Asherson, P. , Kuntsi, J. 2010) The Genetic Association Between ADHD Symptoms and Reading Difficulties: The Role of Inattentiveness and IQ. dosReis, S. , Barksdale, C. L. , Sherman, A. , Maloney, K. , Charach, A. (2010) Stigmatizing Experiences of Parents of Children With a New Diagnosis of ADHD. Spencer, S. V. , Hawk Jr. , L. W. , Richards, J. B. , Shiels, K. , Pelham Jr. , W. E. , Waxmonsky, J. G. (2009) Stimulant Treatment Reduces Lapses in Attention among Children with ADHD: The Effects of Methylphenidate on Intra-Individual Response Time Distributions. How to cite What Is the Real Deal with Adhd? – Paper, Essay examples

PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Example

PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Development: (+) or (-) changes in life Patterns of continuities and change (includes growth and decline) 3 ways we develop: Partly like most individuals (biologically) Partly like others (small group experience) Ex: death ofa parent Partly like no others Ex: certain childhood experience BROAD DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT: Physical Cognitive (glass of water) Psychosocial (how we deal with emotions) Definitions of development: Growth: physical changes from birth to maturity (biological changes) Aging: (+) and (-) changes in the mature organism Maturation: biological unfolding of individual genetic plan Learning: relatively permanent changes due to environmental experiences. Age grades: socially defined age groups Ex: children, infants, elderly etc.. Each comes with its own privilege/responsibility Very gradual process Age norms: behavioral expectations of age groups Ex: expect children to attend school Social clock: when things SHOULD be done Ex: having children by a certain age. Off-time experiences are more difficult not expecting (parent death, teen pregnancy) Traditional approach: extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood. Decline in old age. Modern life-span approach: developmental change in childhood as well as adulthood. Gerontology: study of old age and aging. Before 1600: children viewed as mini adults Modern view: innocent/need protection Average life expectancy 1900s: 47 years Average life expectancy 2000: 77. 5 years Greater in whites by about 5 years Dont really know why the mind changes: BOTH! Nature vs. nurture debate Nature: heredity maturation and genes (biology) Nurture: learning, experience, cultural influence and environment (world experiences) GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACT: Tyron (1942) Experiment on maze running in rats We will write a custom essay sample on PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Selectively bred 2 lines of rats 1. Dull on how well they could run the maze 2. Bright kept environment the same Raised offspring in a rich or less enriched environment (wasnt much opportunity to learn how mazes worked less) Genetics idea: thought those from dull genetics line would simply do worse RESULTS: dull line did Just as well in enriched environment (now performed like bright rats) ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Bronfenbrenner: bioecological model (interactionist model) How nature and nurture interact to produce development 1 . Microsystem: immediate environment Ex: classes you attend etc.. 2. Mesosystem: relationships between Microsystems Ex: divorce parents might affect how you do in school. 3. Exosystem: Social systems NOT DIRECT Ex: dad had a bad day at work, and child feels this at home 4. Macrosystem: culture Chronosystem: changes occur in a time frame 3 goals of developmental psychology: 1. Description: Understanding what happens during development Individual differences 2. Explanation: Typical and individually different development 3. Optimization: How we can improve development Early Beginnings: Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of evolution Use of baby biographies Kept records of how infants act Systematically understanding difference in children Stanley Hall (1844-1924) Questionnaire methodology with children 1st to coin that adolescence is a period of storm and stress. Alfred Binet 1st IQ tests (Halls work to the next level) attempt to get a stable estimate of childs intelligence jean Piaget (1896-1980) Focused on cognitive theories of development Modern life span perspective: saltes (1987): 7 key assumptions of modern-life span perspectives Life long (always undergoing change) Gain and loss and lifelong plasticity Historical/cultural contests, multiple influence Multidisciplinary studies Scientific approach: Theory: set of concepts and propositions that describe and explain some aspect of behavior. Hypothesis: theoretical predictions that can be tested by collecting data. Random sample (vs. convenience): identify all members of the larger population and select by random means. Ex: theoretically correct way: List of all people from ages 70 in the entire world then select random people to study. Ex: convenient: Wars to do random sampling but much easier Political poles Data collection: (3 methods) 1 . Verbal-reports: interview, questionnaires, tests Strengths: Gathers large amounts of data Simple Direct answers Limitations: Interpretation of questions (age differences) Issues of honesty and accuracy Ability to read/comprehend speech Ex: cant give interview to infant or young children m e a ities to describe what they are thinking. 2. Behavioral Observations: Naturalistic: Advantage: natural setting Disadvantage: conditions are not controlled Ex: raining when studying in playgrounds Structured (Lab) Advantage: conditions controlled Disadvantage: difficult to generalize to natural settings 3. Psychophysiological methods: examine relationship between physiological responses and behavior Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): measure rain activity during cognitive tasks Ex: what does the brain do when you tell a story Heart rate: compared to baseline, decrease may indicate interest. EEG: brain wave activity, showing arousal states; stimulus detection. Cortisol: Stress hormone STRENGTHS: most responses are hard to fake (brain activity, cortisol levels) WEAKNESS: some responses are hard to interpret Ex: high interest is associated with a slower heartbeat, but so is a state of calm. Need multiple converging measures: Verbal reports and physiological measures Unique challenges in developmental research: Infants and young children: Attention, instruction, answering questions may be difficult Elderly Adults: Possible sensory impairments Discomfort being studied, tested Adult aging research problem: Want to study reading comprehension in older adults and compare it to younger adults Consider for experiment: Vision impairments Slower What would you do to equate younger and older? Give older adults more time to read the test Seeing the text: increase the font or let participants choose fonts Does your method of equating influence your interpretation? Going to seem artificial and created age effects to equate for these different things Made reading situation very strange The scientific (experimental method) 3 critical features! 1 . Manipulation of independent variable change things and see how this change effects behavior ex: 2 diff detergents, tide or other (change situation) to see the difference. Diff. study techniques, better grade? . Random assignment of individuals to treatment conditions ex: medicine helps people get better from colds quicker, placebo and medicine are assigned to Sep. Experimental control control how much tutoring and when. Rather than Just asking how do you study? Come up with a pile of random methods, this way you can control what is happening in study. Quasi-Experiment: No random assignment cant tell if there is a causal relationshi p between, only compare between the groups. Ex: cannot experimentally manipulate race, gender, handedness, morning vs. ight person. Race cannot cause difference in IQ Older adults have worse verbal memory than younger adults 7 year olds read more slowly than 12 year olds. Experience with language, and less education than 12 year olds. Assign 7 year olds to lots of tutoring in language to get them both at the same level to make no differences CAUSAL EFFECT IS EXPOSURE TO LANGUAGE The correlational Method (systematic relationship) differences = correlation Determine if 2 or more variables are related. Correlation: a measure of a relationship Can range from +1. to -1. 0 Positive: variables move in the same direction Negative: variables move in opposite direction (as one goes up the other goes down) No relationship correlation is O. Cannot establish a causal relationship. Age, cohort and time of measurement effects: Age effects: changes which occur due to age (biology) grey hair Cohor t effects: Born in one historical context Changes due to differences in society Disadvantage of cross-sectional design. Time of measurement effects: historical Take place at time of data collection Disadvantage of longitudinal design Developmental research designs (CLS) 1 . Cross-sectional designs: +1 cohorts or age-groups studied 1 time of testing Studying age differences at any one time Cohort effects! (cohort and age effects are confounded) Provides no data on individual development 2. Longitudinal designs: 1 cohort +1 time of testing study changes across time in one cohort Costly and time consuming Practice ettects and selective attrition Age effects and time or measurement are confounded. Sequential designs: A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs Advantages of both designs: Gives information about: Which age-related trends are age effects? Which age-related trends are truly cohort effects? Which age-related trends are a result of historical events? Have initial group and track them across time: 30, 40, 50 then later select a new group from a different cohort then keep going. End up with diff. ohorts to show different cohorts (time periods) cohort effect Gender beliefs will change in 2000 than in 1950s etc.. LIMITATION: hard to do Cultural and sub cultural sensitivity in research: Variety of contexts considered- cohort effects Culturally sensitive methods and measurements data needs to generalize what opulation you are interested in. SES particularly important Ethnocentrism: not designing studies only relevant to their ethnicity Research Ethics: Must protect participants from any physical or psychological harm. Prisoner/guard study Everyone got really into it, guards started to become very brutal. Came up with all sorts of punishments. Science must be ethical Informed consent: participants need to know all risks and benefits upfront. Debriefing: tell participants about the study afterward. Ex: milgrim, it was an actor screaming. Protection from harm If experiment does cause temporary discomfort or distress, safeguards must be given o monitor participants and intervene against long term effects. Ex: hubbard et al (2002) Children provoked to become angry after another child cheats at a game Parents observe through mirror Children played a second game that was rigged for them to win Debriefed Children got to know the actor All data always kept confidential Ensured by: pre-research approved by the internal review board Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPPA) WYNN (1992) outside reading dolls added and removed in case Purpose: Whether infants have arithmetical knowledge Goal is to test between 2 hypotheses: . Infants can do addition and subtraction using individuated numerical representations 2. Intants can make comparisons ot numbers using general perceptual impressions of amount or quantity (more plausible) Task: Looking time procedure Infants look longer at unexpected events Pre-Test: Showed final displays rather than both Just to see if infants like looking at one or two objects more. Predictions: If infants can do addition and subtraction, infants would look at the incorrect answer longer, surprising, should be one rather than 2 or vice versa Difference at the 2 doll s 1 doll display should be larger in the 2-1 group than the 1+1 group Results: Infants notice differences but still cant tell if this is because of mathematical skill or just noticing differences Experiment 3: Maybe infants know that an arithmetical operation results in numerical change, but cannot compute the exact result Know 1+1 equals more but not 2 Same as 1+1 condition and land 2 but Result scenes either have 2 or 3 dolls If infants do arithmetic, they will look longer at 3 doll compared to 2 doll condition. If they Just use perceptual impressions to determent the new amount is different, then looking times should be equal. RESULTS: Pretest: really no difference in looking time Test: look longer at 3 doll display Infants are doing math dont believe this May know objects but numerically might n ot know meee CONCLUSION: Infants count items in the display and perform arithmetic Infants born with innate ability to do simple addition and subtraction Introduction: Purpose of the study: Problem statement: Should identify what aspect of human cognition is being studied. Provide a general description and indicate why it is important Goal statement: Identify and explicitly state the specific goals of the study Theory/hypotheses and predictions: Most articles focus on one or more theories that are being tested Identify and describe these theories and hypotheses Identify and list any predictions that the authors make about results of the study Experiment: Describe the procedure and design of the study including the following information. The task Critical independent variables Dependent measures Results and conclusion: State the effects and pattern of data State significant effects Explain the effects Describe authors conclusions Explain implications ot the study References page: APA format Include paper you are reviewing as well as any other papers you cite.